敖氏长臂虾

Palaemon ortmanni   Rathbun
   

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形态描述

形态特征:额角甚长,约为头胸甲长度的3/2~9/5倍,基部平直,末端较细,向上扬起甚高,上缘基部1/2~2/3具7~9齿,第1~2齿在眼眶缘后,其间的距离甚远,末端有243个附加小齿;下缘具7~8齿。头胸甲触角刺及鳃甲刺的大小相似,皆伸出头胸甲前缘之外。腹部背面光滑,第三节微有隆起。第六节长约为高的3/2倍,尾节稍长于第六腹节。第一触角柄地3节长度约与第二节相等。第二触角鳞片长约为宽的4倍。第三颚足略短,伸至第一触角柄第二节末端附近。第二步足强大,腕节长度1/2超出第二触角鳞片,螯的掌部与两指略等长,短于腕节。末3对步足较细。第三步足指节长度约为掌节的1/3,显著窄,其长约为基部宽的1/6倍;掌节后缘具细刺6、7个。第五步足指节约为掌节长度的1/4,为腕节的2/5,掌节末端附近有短刚毛数列。
体透明,有明显的棕褐色条纹,其数目显著较多于巨指长臂虾者,很似太平长臂虾者。腹部第二,三节有3条横条纹,巨指长臂虾者仅后缘一横条纹较清楚。
分布:中国北部至东部(最近发现于台湾省北部)、烟台、青岛;日本,朝鲜半岛南岸。
比较:本种额角、体色斑纹很似太平长臂虾,但其额角显著长于头胸甲,为其1.5~1.7倍。步足较后者纤细。第二步足两指显著长于后者,与其掌部略等长。第三~五步足指节显著较窄而长。头胸甲斜条纹较后者更为清楚,色较浓。栖于潮间带或潮下带浅水岩石、砂底环境。属温带种,向南仅分布台湾北部,尚未见于南海。

国外分布

日本,朝鲜半岛南岸

De Man J G.1907.On a collection of Crustacea,Decapoda and Stomatopoda,chiefly ftom the Inland sea of von Mar- tens,E.,1868.Uber einige estasiatische Susswasser thiere.Arch.Naturgesch.34(1):1~67.pl.1
Kim H S(金熏洙)1977.Illustrated flora and fauna of Korea.Vol.19,Macrura.414 PP,56 pls.Korea.(In Kore- an,with English Abstract)
Kemp S.1925.Notes on Crustacea Decapoda in the Indian Museum.XVII.On various Caridea.Records of Indian Museum,27:249~343.figs.1~24
Holthuis L B.1950.The Decapoda of the Siboga Expedition Part.10.The Palaemonidae collected by the Siboga and Snellius Expeditions with remarks on other species I. Subfamily Palaemoninae.Siboga-Ex peditie,Monogr. 39a↑10↑:1~268.figs.1~52
Kubo I.1942.Studies on Japanese Palaemonid shrims Ⅲ Leander.Jour.Imp.Fish.Inst.35(1):17~85.figsl~ 33
Rathbun M J.1902.Japanese stalk-eyed Crustaceans.Proc.U.S.Nat.Mus.,26:23~55.figs.1~24
Balss H.1914.Ostasiatische Decapoden Ⅱ.Die Natantia und Reptantia.Abh.Bay.Akad.Wiss.suppl.2(10):1~101.text-figs.1~50.pl.1
Liu R Y.1955.The economic shrimps and prawns of North China.SciencePress,Beijing,1~73.[刘瑞玉,1955,中国北部经济虾类.科学出版社,1~73,图版1~24]
De Man J G.1881.Carcinological Studies in the Leyden Museum.Notes Leyden Mus.,3:12l~144
Chan T Y and Yu H P.1985.Studies0 on the Shrimps of the Genus Palaemon(Crustacea:Decapoda:Palaemonidae) from Taiwan.J.Tiwan Mus.38(1):119~128,pl.1
Liu R Y,Liang X Q and Yan S L.1990a.A study of the Palaemoninae(Crustacea Decapoda)from China I.Macro- brachium,Leander and Leandrites.Transactions of the Chinese Crustacean Society,2:102~134[刘瑞玉,梁象秋,严生良,1990a.中国长臂虾亚科的研究I.沼虾属、瘦虾属和拟瘦虾属。甲壳动物学论文集Ⅱ:102~134。科学出版社]
Hayashi K I.2000 Prawns,Shrimps and Lobsters from Japan(114),Family Palaemonidae,Subfamily Palaemoninae, Genus Macrobrachium 3).Aquabiology,130(vol.22,no.5):468~472

国内分布

中国北部至东部(最近发现于台湾省北部)、烟台、青岛;

Liu R Y,Liang X Q and Yan S L.1990a.A study of the Palaemoninae(Crustacea Decapoda)from China I.Macro- brachium,Leander and Leandrites.Transactions of the Chinese Crustacean Society,2:102~134[刘瑞玉,梁象秋,严生良,1990a.中国长臂虾亚科的研究I.沼虾属、瘦虾属和拟瘦虾属。甲壳动物学论文集Ⅱ:102~134。科学出版社]
Kemp S.1925.Notes on Crustacea Decapoda in the Indian Museum.XVII.On various Caridea.Records of Indian Museum,27:249~343.figs.1~24
Balss H.1914.Ostasiatische Decapoden Ⅱ.Die Natantia und Reptantia.Abh.Bay.Akad.Wiss.suppl.2(10):1~101.text-figs.1~50.pl.1
Holthuis L B.1950.The Decapoda of the Siboga Expedition Part.10.The Palaemonidae collected by the Siboga and Snellius Expeditions with remarks on other species I. Subfamily Palaemoninae.Siboga-Ex peditie,Monogr. 39a↑10↑:1~268.figs.1~52
Chan T Y and Yu H P.1985.Studies0 on the Shrimps of the Genus Palaemon(Crustacea:Decapoda:Palaemonidae) from Taiwan.J.Tiwan Mus.38(1):119~128,pl.1
De Man J G.1907.On a collection of Crustacea,Decapoda and Stomatopoda,chiefly ftom the Inland sea of von Mar- tens,E.,1868.Uber einige estasiatische Susswasser thiere.Arch.Naturgesch.34(1):1~67.pl.1
De Man J G.1881.Carcinological Studies in the Leyden Museum.Notes Leyden Mus.,3:12l~144
Liu R Y.1955.The economic shrimps and prawns of North China.SciencePress,Beijing,1~73.[刘瑞玉,1955,中国北部经济虾类.科学出版社,1~73,图版1~24]
Hayashi K I.2000 Prawns,Shrimps and Lobsters from Japan(114),Family Palaemonidae,Subfamily Palaemoninae, Genus Macrobrachium 3).Aquabiology,130(vol.22,no.5):468~472
Kubo I.1942.Studies on Japanese Palaemonid shrims Ⅲ Leander.Jour.Imp.Fish.Inst.35(1):17~85.figsl~ 33
Rathbun M J.1902.Japanese stalk-eyed Crustaceans.Proc.U.S.Nat.Mus.,26:23~55.figs.1~24
Kim H S(金熏洙)1977.Illustrated flora and fauna of Korea.Vol.19,Macrura.414 PP,56 pls.Korea.(In Kore- an,with English Abstract)